The article mainly introduces phosphorus based flame retardants and nitrogen phosphorus based flame retardants in halogen-free flame retardants, including their main components, properties, and applications. Fortunately, Qibo Company is also using nitrogen phosphorus based compounds as halogen-free flame retardants and has achieved good results. If you need them, please contact us.
Introduction:
Halogen-free flame retardants are a type of green and environmentally friendly flame retardant materials that do not contain harmful halogen elements (such as chlorine, bromine, etc.). They improve the flame retardancy of materials while reducing potential hazards to the environment and human health.Halogen-free flame retardants include nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants, aluminum flame retardants, silicate flame retardants, organic phosphorus flame retardants, and expansion flame retardants. The following is a detailed introduction to these five types of halogen-free flame retardants.
Nitrogen Phosphorus Flame Retardants
Nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants are a type of compound commonly used to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials, and their molecules contain nitrogen and phosphorus elements. These flame retardants decompose at high temperatures to produce nitrogen, ammonia, and phosphorus gases, forming phosphates, effectively reducing the combustion rate of the material. The following is a detailed introduction to several common nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants:
1.Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP):
The molecular formula of ammonium polyphosphate is(NH4,H)n+2PnO3n+1, which appears as a white powder and is soluble in water and insoluble in water，Ammonium polyphosphate decomposes at high temperatures, releasing effluent and ammonia gas, while generating polyphosphate. This process helps to absorb heat, slow down the fire, and improve the flame retardant performance of the material.
APP is widely used in polymer materials, such as polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), etc. It can be used alone or in combination with other flame retardants to achieve better flame retardant effects.Compared to some traditional halogen flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate is usually considered environmentally friendly because it does not release harmful halogen compounds during decomposition.Due to its excellent flame retardant performance and relatively environmentally friendly characteristics, ammonium polyphosphate has been widely used in fields such as construction, electronics, and transportation.
When using ammonium polyphosphate as a flame retardant, it is necessary to design a suitable formula based on specific application requirements and material characteristics. Coincidentally.Our Qibo company has designed a flame retardant additive based on ammonium polyphosphate raw materials. We named its model B01. This flame retardant is halogen-free and meets EU standards. It can be used for injection molding of large plastic products with a 30% addition ratio.
2.Piperazine Pyrophosphate(PAPP):
The molecular formula of piperazine pyrophosphate is C4H14N2O7P2, with CAS number 66034-17-1. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid with an irritating odor. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. The molecular structure of piperazine pyrophosphate contains a piperazine ring and phosphate groups. This structure allows it to release ammonia and phosphoric acid at high temperatures, thereby exerting a flame retardant effect. Under high temperature conditions, piperazine pyrophosphate undergoes a decomposition reaction, releasing ammonia and phosphoric acid to form phosphate. This process helps to reduce the combustion rate of the material and improve the flame retardant effect.
Piperazine pyrophosphate is widely used in polymer materials, such as polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), etc., to improve their flame retardant properties. Especially suitable for fields such as electronics and electrical appliances, building materials, etc. Compared to some halogenated flame retardants, piperazine pyrophosphate is generally considered a relatively environmentally friendly flame retardant because it does not produce harmful halogen compounds during decomposition.
Overall, piperazine pyrophosphate, as a nitrogen phosphorus flame retardant, has a good effect on improving the flame retardancy of materials and has a certain degree of environmental friendliness.
Fortunately, our company Qibo used PAPP to produce flame retardants, which we named B03, as well as B03-M and B03-K. Among them, B03 is a powder that can be added and used for both homopolymerization and copolymerization; B03-M has a particle shape and can be reinforced with fiberglass; B03-K is an upgraded version that incorporates anti drip agents to enhance its flame retardancy.
3.Nitrogen Phosphorus Condensate:
Features: including a series of nitrogen phosphorus condensates, such as melamine phosphate ester. These compounds undergo condensation decomposition at high temperatures, releasing nitrogen and phosphorus gases and exhibiting excellent flame retardant properties.
Application field: Commonly used in polymer materials, such as polypropylene, polyester, etc.
4.Phosphoramides:
Features: Nitrogen phosphoramide flame retardants have an organic structure containing nitrogen, which suppresses flame spread by releasing gas and forming phosphates.
Application areas: It is widely used in high-performance polymers, such as electronics and aerospace.
Aluminum Based Flame Retardants
Aluminum based flame retardants typically refer to compounds containing aluminum elements that can release water at high temperatures, forming aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide. These products can effectively lower the temperature of the material, prevent the spread of fire, and have a flame retardant effect. The following are some common aluminum based flame retardants:
1. Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH):
Features: Decomposes at high temperatures, releases moisture, forms aluminum hydroxide, and lowers the temperature of the material.
Application field: Widely used in materials such as plastics, rubber, textiles, etc., suitable for construction, electronics, and other fields.
2. Aluminum Oxide:
Features: Decomposes at high temperatures to form alumina, which can also lower the temperature of the material.
Application field: Commonly used in polymer materials, such as polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.
This type of aluminum based flame retardant mainly releases water under fire conditions, thereby reducing the temperature of the material and achieving the effect of preventing the spread of fire. Aluminum based flame retardants are relatively environmentally friendly and do not contain halogen elements. They are widely used in materials that require consideration of flame retardancy. When selecting flame retardants, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as material properties, usage environment, and regulatory requirements.
Silicate Flame Retardant
Silicate flame retardants are a type of flame retardant, mainly composed of silicate compounds. These flame retardants can exert a flame retardant effect at high temperatures, usually by releasing water and silica to form a protective layer, thereby slowing down the combustion rate of the material. The following are some common silicate flame retardants:
1. Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
Features: MDH is a type of silicate flame retardant that decomposes and releases water and silica at high temperatures, forming magnesium oxide and reducing the combustion rate of the material.
Application field: Widely used in materials such as plastics, rubber, coatings, etc., suitable for electronic appliances, construction, and other fields.
2. Magnesium Silicate:
Features: Magnesium silicate is a type of silicate flame retardant that slows down the combustion process of materials by releasing moisture and silica.
Application field: Commonly used in polymer materials, such as plastics, rubber, etc.
The working mechanism of silicate flame retardants mainly involves the decomposition of water and silica at high temperatures, which help to cool the material and form an insulation layer, thereby slowing down the combustion process. Silicate flame retardants are relatively environmentally friendly and do not contain halogen elements, making them suitable for applications with high environmental performance requirements. When selecting flame retardants, comprehensive consideration should be given to specific applications and material properties.
Organic Phosphorus Flame Retardant
Organophosphate flame retardants are a type of organic compounds that mainly contain phosphorus elements, commonly used to improve the flame retardant performance of polymer materials. These flame retardants can exert a flame retardant effect at high temperatures, slowing down the combustion rate of materials by releasing phosphorus compounds and other mechanisms. The following are some common organophosphorus flame retardants:
1. Phosphate Esters:
Features: Phosphate esters are a type of organic phosphorus flame retardants, usually containing phosphorus oxide bonds, which prevent the spread of fire by releasing phosphorus gas at high temperatures.
Application field: Commonly used in high-performance polymers such as polyester, polyurethane, and polyimide.
2. Phosphonate Esters:
Features: Phosphonic acid ester flame retardants are a type of organic phosphorus flame retardants containing phosphine elements, which inhibit the spread of flames by releasing phosphine gas.
Application field: Suitable for materials such as plastics, rubber, polymers, etc.
3. Phosphoramides:
Features: Nitrogen phosphoramide is an organic phosphorus flame retardant containing nitrogen and phosphorus elements, which improves the flame retardant performance of materials by releasing gas and forming phosphate.
Application areas: It is widely used in high-performance polymers, such as electronics and aerospace.
Intumescent Flame Retardant
Intumescent flame retardants are a type of flame retardant that can expand to form an insulation layer at high temperatures. The expansion process of these flame retardants helps to form a protective layer, prevent flame propagation, and reduce the combustion rate of the material. The following are some common intumescent flame retardants:
1. Expansive clay:
Characteristics: Expansive clay is a flame retardant, and its molecular structure can expand at high temperatures, forming a layered structure, thereby forming an insulation layer.
Application field: Commonly used in materials such as plastics and rubber, providing effective fire resistance.
2. Expanded graphite:
Features: Expanded graphite has the characteristic of expanding to form an insulation layer at high temperatures, which slows down the combustion rate of the material.
Application areas: Used in applications that require flame retardant performance in high temperature environments, such as electronics, aerospace, and other fields.
This type of expandable flame retardant forms an insulation layer through expansion, reducing the combustion rate of the material and thus improving its flame retardant performance.
In conclusion:
Non-halogen flame retardants represent a vital and environmentally conscious solution for enhancing the fire resistance of materials without the use of harmful halogen elements. Qibo Company stands out as a leading provider in this field, offering innovative and customized non-halogen flame retardant solutions. Our commitment to environmental innovation, personalized services, technical expertise, and quality assurance positions us as a reliable partner for those seeking efficient and eco-friendly flame-retardant materials. Choosing Qibo means choosing sustainable, high-performance solutions for a safer and greener future.