In the realm of chemistry and industrial applications, the CAS registry number 96-31-1 refers to a white powder known as phenolphthalein. Recognized for its versatile properties, phenolphthalein plays a significant role in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and analytical chemistry. Here, we delve into ten essential questions about this compound, helping you better understand its significance and applications.
CAS 96-31-1, commonly referred to as phenolphthalein, is a synthetic organic compound categorized as a pH indicator. It shifts its color from colorless to pink as pH levels rise above 8.2, making it a vital tool in titrations and other analytical procedures.
Phenolphthalein is extensively used in laboratories for titration experiments to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It also finds its place in the formulation of laxatives and as a dye in various applications due to its vivid coloration properties. In medicinal contexts, it serves as a stimulant for bowel movement, making it invaluable for gastrointestinal treatments.
The functional mechanism of phenolphthalein as a pH indicator relies on its ability to donate or accept protons (H+) based on the acidity of the solution. In acidic conditions, phenolphthalein remains in a colorless state. As the pH increases and reaches about 8.2, it undergoes a structural change that results in its distinct pink color, signaling a transition to a more alkaline environment.
Yes, there are some safety concerns regarding the use of phenolphthalein. Although it is generally recognized as safe for use in laboratory environments, long-term exposure and ingestion in large quantities may lead to toxicity. Research has indicated that phenolphthalein may be carcinogenic, prompting regulatory agencies to advise caution when handling or consuming products containing this compound.
Chemically, phenolphthalein is represented by the formula C20H14O4. It has a molecular weight of 318.32 g/mol, and its melting point is approximately 258 °C. Phenolphthalein is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in alcohol and ether, showcasing its hydrophobic nature, which is crucial in various applications.
Synthesis of phenolphthalein typically involves the condensation reaction between phthalic anhydride and phenol, facilitated by a catalyst, usually in the presence of heat. This reaction results in the formation of phenolphthalein, which can be further purified for industrial or laboratory use.
While phenolphthalein is a popular choice for acidity indicators, several alternatives exist. Indicators such as methyl orange and bromothymol blue serve similar purposes, yet their color transitions occur at different pH levels. The choice of an indicator often depends on the specific requirements of the titration being conducted, such as the acidity range of the solution being analyzed.
Phenolphthalein is an excellent resource for educational purposes, especially in teaching foundational chemistry concepts. In classroom experiments, students can visualize chemical reactions and understand pH levels in solutions. Its color change provides a captivating demonstration, enhancing student engagement and interest in chemical studies.
In light of the safety concerns associated with phenolphthalein, various regulatory bodies have established guidelines for its use. The FDA has classified it as safe only for topical applications in over-the-counter laxatives. However, due to its carcinogenic potential, there is a movement advocating for increased restrictions on its availability in certain consumer products, especially those intended for ingestion.
The potential of phenolphthalein remains substantial, though its future usage may pivot as research advances. With ongoing studies into safer alternatives and more reliable pH indicators, the industry may see a shift in preference. However, phenolphthalein will likely retain its relevance in laboratory settings due to its established utility and efficacy. The continuous exploration of its properties could also unearth more innovative applications in diverse fields such as agriculture, materials science, and even environmental monitoring.
In conclusion, CAS 96-31-1, or phenolphthalein, is a compound rich in applications and significance within both scientific and commercial realms. Understanding its properties, uses, and the necessary precautions required when handling it positions professionals and enthusiasts alike to utilize it effectively while prioritizing safety.
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